Showing posts sorted by relevance for query microbiome. Sort by date Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by relevance for query microbiome. Sort by date Show all posts

Tuesday, May 3, 2022

Skin's Microbiome & Other Stories | TAPP 114


Skin's microbiome is essential for health. In this episode, host Kevin Patton explores that concept and introduces a new recommendation in The A&P Professor Book ClubClean: The New Science of the Skin. Also, science updates about B vitamins and skeletal adaptations in human birth—and a listener revisits academic integrity involved in deadline leniency.

00:00 | Introduction

00:45 | Revisiting Deadline Leniency

09:21 | Sponsored by AAA

10:08 | Shoulders and Birth

13:01 | Missing B Vitamins

17:32 | Sponsored by HAPI

18:43 | Skin's Microbiome

34:44 | Sponsored by HAPS

35:56 | Clean: The New Science of Skin

40:59 | Staying Connected

 


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Self and other is less of a dichotomy than a continuum. (James Hamblin)

 

Revisiting Deadline Leniency

8.5 minutes

A&P faculty Heather Armbruster writes in with some stories that related to Episode 112's discussion of deadline leniency. She relates some incidents involving academic dishonesty. Did you know that students can buy medical excuses online?!

Should We Extend Deadlines? | Models & Color Codes | TAPP 112

Promoting Academic Integrity in Our Course | Episode 25

Modeling Professional Integrity | Episode 26

The Cheater! Academic Integrity in Remote Learning | TAPP 81

Collage for Skin's Microbiome & Other Stories | TAPP 114

 

Sponsored by AAA

45 seconds

A searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) at anatomy.org.

Searchable transcript

Captioned audiogram 

Don't forget—HAPS members get a deep discount on AAA membership!

AAA logo

 

Shoulders and Birth

2.5 minutes

In the story of the human body we tell in our A&P course, we may emphasize the practical issues of squeezing the large head of the fetus through the birth canal during labor and delivery. And we may mention the wide shoulders, too. A new study shows that human shoulder development is delayed (compared to other primates) until after birth. Wow.

★ Human shoulder development is adapted to obstetrical constraints (journal article from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) AandP.info/g4v

 

Missing B Vitamins

4.5 minutes

Sometimes students notice the "missing" B vitamins in their A&P textbook. Where are the B vitamins 4, 8, 10, and 11? The mystery is solved in this segment!

★ Long Lost B Vitamins - B4, B8, B10, B11 (one of many medical/nutrition posts that address this issue) AandP.info/urn

 

Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program

35 seconds

The Master of Science in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction—the MS-HAPI—is a graduate program for A&P teachers, especially for those who already have a graduate/professional degree. A combination of science courses (enough to qualify you to teach at the college level) and courses in contemporary instructional practice, this program helps you be your best in both on-campus and remote teaching. Kevin Patton is a faculty member in this program at Northeast College of Health Sciences. Check it out!

northeastcollege.edu/hapi

Logo of Northeast College of Health Sciences, Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction

 

Skin's Microbiome

16 minutes

Revisiting the concept of the microbiome—this time focusing on the skin microbiome—Kevin finds an excuse to provide a Word Dissection and tell some stories from the olden days. This segment serves as an unnecessarily long prelude to the current recommendation in The A&P Professor Book Club, described in a later segment.

The Human Microbial System | Episode 47

The Elephant Episode | Episode 31

★ An Ecological Framework of the Human Virome Provides Classification of Current Knowledge and Identifies Areas of Forthcoming Discovery (from Yale J Biol Med, summarizes history of term microbiome) AandP.info/7fo

★ Microbiomes: An Origin Story (from American Soc for Microbiology, discusses history of microbiome concept) AandP.info/57r

 

Sponsored by HAPS

36 seconds

The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast.  You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. Watch for virtual town hall meetings and upcoming regional meetings!

Anatomy & Physiology Society

theAPprofessor.org/haps

HAPS logo

 

Clean: The New Science of Skin

5 minutes

A new recommendation from Book Club for Anatomy & Physiology Professors!

Clean: The New Science of Skin

★ by James Hamblin MD

geni.us/gXg8d

Get your digital credential for reading/listening to this book at TAPP Education | Credentials | B Group

 


 

If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page.

★ More details at the episode page: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-114.html

★ Transcript available in the transcript box: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-114.html

★ Need help accessing resources locked behind a paywall? Check out this advice from Episode 32 to get what you need! my-ap.us/paywall

Take The A&P Professor experience to the next level!

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Earn cash by referring other A&P faculty to this podcast:

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Sponsors

★ Transcript and captions for this episode are supported by the American Association for Anatomy | anatomy.org

★ The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society provides marketing support for this podcast | theAPprofessor.org/haps

★ Distribution of this episode is supported by the Northeast College of Health Sciences online graduate program in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction (HAPI) | northeast.edu/hapi

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The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. I may be compensated for links to sponsors and certain other links.


Click here to listen to this episode—or access the detailed notes and transcript.

Monday, July 1, 2019

The Human Microbial System | Episode 47


00:50 | Teachers vs. Robots
14:29 | Sponsored by HAPS
14:57 | Podcast Award Nomination
15:50 | Sponsored by AAA
16:13 | Featured: The Human Microbial System
29:50 |  Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program
30:21 | Special Episodes Coming!
If you cannot see or activate the audio player click here.

Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336)

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Life did not take over the world by combat, but by networking. (Lynn Margulis and Dorion Sagan)

1 | Teachers vs. Robots | AI in Teaching

13.5 minutes
Artificial intelligence (AI) is seen by some as the emerging technology to replace teachers. Really? How should we respond?
 robot

 

2 | Sponsored by HAPS

0.5 minutes
The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast.  You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. AND mention your appreciation to the HAPS leadership while you are at the conference—or anytime that you communicate with them.

 HAPS logo


3 | Podcast Award Nomination

1 minute
The A&P Professor podcast needs additional nominations to get to the next round of The People's Choice Podcast Awards. Lot more. Will you please take a moment to nominate this podcast? And ask your friends and relatives, even strangers, to also nominate us?

PodcastAwards.com

 Podcast Award

 

4 | Sponsored by AAA

0.5 minute
The searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by The American Association of Anatomists (AAA) at anatomy.org. Their big meeting is in April at the Experimental Biology (EB) meeting in Orlando FL. Check it out!
 American Association of Anatomists

 

5 | The Human Microbial System

13.5 minutes
The human microbiome is rapidly emerging as an important character in the story of human structure and function. Perhaps we should start thinking of it alongside the other major systems of the body—as the human microbial system (HMS).
  • Encyclopedia of Ecology (definition of niche) my-ap.us/2XwrLGj
  • The Integrative Human Microbiome Project (a brief overview from Nature) my-ap.us/2ZQHtcH
  • Resources in the special collection from Nature:
    • Milestones in human microbiota research (timeline) my-ap.us/2ZTNVjo
    • Human Microbiome Project, part 2 (list of articles) my-ap.us/2ZXzpXV
    • Longitudinal multi-omics of host–microbe dynamics in prediabetes (article) my-ap.us/2ZSPhdX
    • The Integrative Human Microbiome Project (perspective article) my-ap.us/2ZQHtcH
    • Racioethnic diversity in the dynamics of the vaginal microbiome during pregnancy (article)my-ap.us/2ZYFa7H
  • Meta-omics analysis of elite athletes identifies a performance-enhancing microbe that functions via lactate metabolism (research article) my-ap.us/2ZOW34D
    • Working out the bugs: microbial modulation of athletic performance (related overview) my-ap.us/2ZTv0VS
  • Google NGram Viewer (chart showing frequency of term microbiome in all books indexed by Google 1970-2008) my-ap.us/2ZYyIh3
 Microbiome-NGramViewer

 

6 | Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program

0.5 minute
The Master of Science in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction—the MS-HAPI—is graduate program for A&P teachers. A combination of science courses (enough to qualify you to teach at the college level) and courses in instructional practice, this program helps you power up  your teaching. Kevin Patton is a faculty member in this program. Check it out!

nycc.edu/hapi

 NYCC Human Anatomy and Physiology Instruction

 

7 | Special Series of Episodes

2.5 minutes
The next few episodes will be super, spectacular, and special. So I'm calling them "specials" just like the grownups in the media world do.
These specials will be single-topic-ish recasts of some of the major themes from the past 18 months of this podcast. A mix of old and new. But mostly, the classic stuff that we'll benefit from reviewing and reflecting upon.
Hold onto your seats, this is going to be a blast!

woman leaning forward
If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page.

Sponsors
Transcript and captions for this episode
are supported by the 
also provides marketing support for this podcast. 
Distribution of this episode is supported by 
NYCC's online graduate program in 
Clicking on sponsor links 
helps let them know you appreciate
their support of this podcast!
Referrals also help defray podcasting expenses. 
Follow The A&P Professor on  Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Nuzzel, Tumblr, or Instagram!
The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)

Click here to listen to this episode—or access the detailed notes and transcript.

Monday, August 18, 2014

Human Microbial System


A recent article in The Scientist once again reminds us of the ongoing explosion in the scientific understanding of the human microbial system.  In a few short years, this area of exploration has moved to the forefront of medical and basic science research in human biology.

I think it's becoming clear that the most useful way to think of human body function is to recognize that an "organism" is really a sort of "habitat."  And like any habitat, it functions best when all the inhabitants are within a limited range of balanced relationships.

Who are the inhabitants?  Besides our own cells?  Well, one could think of mitochondria and cilia and other organelles as symbiotic internal inhabitants of our cells.  They're not that literally, of course, but I think its a useful metaphor for understanding the human body.  Then there are the many microbes and animals that cover our internal and external surfaces, burrow into some of our pores and glands, and inhabit our body fluids.

I call the balanced functional relationship among the various microbomes of the body and our own tissues the human microbial system.  And I am certain that it won't be long before we will be discussing this system alongside the major organ systems of the body.  That is if we truly want to understand how the body really works.

The article in The Scientist I mention is a great summary of some of the major roles that the human microbial system plays in the human body—and a good survey of some of the areas of the body where the human-microbial functional relationships play out.  See the link to the article below.


What can we use from this in teaching undergraduate A&P?


  • Why not introduce the concept of the human microbial system at the beginning of our A&P course, when we set the stage by explain how scientists understand the body and its functions as an integrated system of different parts?
  • We can mention the different microbiomes of the body when we explore each organ system where they play an important role—which is pretty much all of them!
  • Consider discussing what happens to normal human function when microbiomes get out of balance.  For example, in the gut a microbial imbalance can lead to ulcers, diarrhea, and other dysfunctions.  On the skin a pathogenic microbe may become dominant and cause a rash.
  • Promote a discussion of what kinds of wellness strategies might be employed to prevent microbial imbalances.
  • Our students can leave our A&P course with an up-to-date understanding of human biology that will help them understand new clinical concepts and treatment strategies.

Want to Know More?

The Body’s Ecosystem

  • By The Scientist Staff.  The Scientist. August 1, 2014
  • Plain-English article (cited above) on how research on the human microbiome is booming, and scientists have moved from simply taking stock of gut flora to understanding the influence of microbes throughout the body.
  • my-ap.us/1vgOu5y

Articles from The A&P Professor


Moving pictures of the human microbiome

  • J Gregory Caporaso et al. Genome Biology 2011, 12:R50  doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-5-r50
  • Open-access journal article that includes FREE videos that show how dynamic the human microbial system is
  • my-ap.us/V7St3Q

Human Microbiome Project


The Microbiome and Disease

  • List of diseases associated with microbiome imbalances from Genetic Science Learning Center
  • my-ap.us/1nDpxr1

Audio

  • Radio stories from National Public Radio on human microbiomes and their role in health and disease.  The growing number of these stories tells us something as A&P teachers: maybe we better be covering this!
  • my-ap.us/1uA7Qyg

Thursday, February 9, 2017

How Dietary Fiber Prevents Disease

So why, exactly, is it that we should consume a lot of fiber in our diet to remain healthy? Are refined fiber supplements just as good as, say, an "apple a day?"

Recently, an article in the journal Cell answer seems to verify some of the answers for us.

As the paper cited below indicates, research seems to confirm that dietary fiber provides nutrients for the inhabitants of our intestinal microbiome.  When dietary fiber is missing, then the microbes undergo a shift in populations and start consuming our GI mucus as an alternate source of nutrition.  That, as you might guess, reduces the thickness of the protective mucus—hus increasing the likelihood that pathogens can more easily attack the intestinal lining. Ouch.

Apparently, refined prebiotic fibers don't fix the problem.

Here are some highlights of the research article (quoted from their online preview):

  • Characterized synthetic bacterial communities enable functional insights in vivo
  • Low-fiber diet promotes expansion and activity of colonic mucus-degrading bacteria
  • Purified prebiotic fibers do not alleviate degradation of the mucus layer
  • Fiber-deprived gut microbiota promotes aggressive colitis by an enteric pathogen

Image for unlabelled figure


What can we use from this in teaching undergraduate A&P?


  • When asked by students about dietary fiber, you have more information from which to draw an answer.
  • When discussing any of these topics, you'll now have a bit more to add to your story:
    • nutrition
    • function of mucus
    • the human microbial system (or specifically, the GI microbiome)
    • how pathogens cause disease (or specifically, GI disorders)

Want to know more?


Veggies and Intact Grains a Day Keep the Pathogens Away

  • Francesca S. Gazzaniga. Dennis L. Kasper. Cell. Available online 17 November 2016
  • Brief preview of the M. Desai article cited below.
  • my-ap.us/2lijkbE


A Dietary Fiber-Deprived Gut Microbiota Degrades the Colonic Mucus Barrier and Enhances Pathogen Susceptibility

  • Mahesh S. Desai et al. Cell, Volume 167, Issue 5, 17 November 2016, Pages 1339-1353.e21
  • The detailed research article.
  • my-ap.us/2lijz6w

Microbiome articles

  • Kevin Patton. The A&P Professor. Various dates.
  • Collection of previous posts on this topic from this blog.
  • my-ap.us/2liCrSP


Photos: Youssef KH (top) Cell (bottom)

Thursday, June 27, 2019

Episode 47 Intro | TAPP Radio Preview


Host Kevin Patton previews the content of the upcoming full episode, which focuses on the human microbiome, teaching in the age of artificial intelligence, and a special summer series of episodes.
bacteria
There's more... some word dissections and Mindi Fried's recommendation for The A&P Professor Book Club.
If you cannot see or activate the audio player click here.

Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336)

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Topics
0.5 minute
  • Teaching A&P in the age of artificial intelligence
  • The human microbial system (human microbiome)
  • Special episodes this summer!
Word Dissections
6.5 minutes
  • Artificial intelligence (AI)
  • Microbe
  • Microbiome
Book Club
3.5 minutes
  • Do Zombies Dream of Undead Sheep?: A Neuroscientific View of the Zombie Brain
    • by Timothy Verstynen & Bradley Voytek
    • amzn.to/2FAkniR
    • Recommended by Mindi Fried
  • Special opportunity
    • Contribute YOUR book recommendation for A&P teachers!
    • First five submitted and used will be in a drawing for a Kindle Fire HD 10 tablet
    • Any contribution used will receive a $25 gift certificate
    • The best contribution is one that you have recorded in your own voice (or in a voicemail at 1-833-LION-DEN)
  • Check out The A&P Professor Book Club

zombie book
If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page.

Sponsors
Transcript and captions for this episode
are supported by the 
also provides marketing support for this podcast. 
Distribution of this episode is supported by 
NYCC's online graduate program in 
Clicking on sponsor links 
helps let them know you appreciate
their support of this podcast!
Referrals also help defray podcasting expenses. 
Follow The A&P Professor on  Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Nuzzel, Tumblr, or Instagram!
The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)


Click here to listen to this episode—or access the detailed notes and transcript.

Wednesday, June 8, 2011

That weird E. coli epidemic

Remember my previous post, in which I gave you a free slide show on the role of the appendix in keeping the gut microbiome happy?  Well, to sort of "prove the point" of the importance of a healthy gut microbiome, we've been hearing all about that weird Escherichia coli (E. coli) epidemic in Europe.

If you're like me, you'll want to take the opportunity to emphasize concepts learned in class by applying them to "real life" events reported in the news.  If you're like me, you may want to check out these journal articles:

Deadly bugs: Toxin-producing E. coli strain causes outbreak in Germany
Tina Hesman Saey
Science News web edition : Tuesday, June 7th, 2011

my-ap.us/lfMeYE
[Brief, highly readable introduction to the current outbreak in Europe.  Plus a cool photo!]

Bacterial infections: new and emerging enteric pathogens
Sherman, P et al.
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology:January 2010 - Volume 26 - Issue 1 - p 1-4
doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e328333d73b
my-ap.us/lJv8PC
[from the abstract: "The aim of this review is to highlight recent advances in knowledge of bacterial enteric infections. We focus on understanding of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter jejuni infections, and to link these acute events with long-term consequences in a susceptible host, including irritable bowel syndrome and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases."]

Clinical Relevance of Shiga Toxin Concentrations in the Blood of Patients With Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Brigotti, Maurizio et al.
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal: June 2011 - Volume 30 - Issue 6 - pp 486-490
doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3182074d22
my-ap.us/j72bUA

[from the abstract: "Intestinal infections with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in children can lead to the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Shiga toxins (Stx) released in the gut by bacteria enter the blood stream and target the kidney causing endothelial injury. Free toxins have never been detected in the blood of HUS patients, but they have been found on the surface of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)."]

Infectious colitis
Navaneethan, Udayakumar and Giannella, Ralph A
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology: January 2011 - Volume 27 - Issue 1 - p 66–71
doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e3283400755

my-ap.us/mTOlpN
[from the abstract: "The incidence of gastrointestinal infections continues to increase and infectious colitis contributes to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent advances in knowledge of pathogens causing infectious colitis. We describe the various pathogens and specifically focus on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7, Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, and Entamoeba histolytica infections, and their impact on long-term effects, including postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease."]

An inside job: subversion of the host secretory pathway by intestinal pathogens
Sharp, Tyler M and Estes, Mary K
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases: October 2010 - Volume 23 - Issue 5 - p 464–469
doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833dcebd

my-ap.us/leb7Le
[from the abstract: "The cellular secretory pathway, composed of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and cellular vesicles, mediates the intracellular trafficking of proteins and lipids. Gastrointestinal pathogens frequently affect the functions of enterocytes, the differentiated cells involved in secretion and absorption of extracellular molecules. Microbial pathogenesis can be enhanced by altering the trafficking of key molecules such as brush border enzymes, soluble immune mediators such as cytokines and chemokines, and MHC Class I molecules, all of which rely on the secretory pathway for their appropriate cellular localization. This review focuses on our current understanding of the distinct mechanisms employed by enteric pathogens to antagonize the secretory pathway."]


Probiotics: progress toward novel therapies for intestinal diseases
Yan et al.
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology: March 2010 - Volume 26 - Issue 2 - p 95–101
doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e328335239a

my-ap.us/iH93qP
[from the abstract "As the beneficial effects of probiotics on health and disease prevention and treatment have been well recognized, the demand for probiotics in clinical applications and as functional foods has significantly increased in spite of limited understanding of the mechanisms. This review focuses on the most recent advances in probiotic research from genetics to biological consequences regulated by probiotics and probiotic-derived factors."]

For a really cool, copyright-free image to use in your course, go to my-ap.us/lVEg69

Friday, September 19, 2014

Sweeteners Alter Gut Microbiome to Promote Glucose Intolerance


I'll never forget when Ira Fritz, my doctoral committee chair, practically slapped a packet of artificial sweetener out of my hand as I was about to put it into my iced tea.  "That stuff will kill you!" he said as he extracted from me an oath to swear off the stuff.  I'm not sure I quite believed him, but to this day I still drink my iced tea unsweetened.

As usual, Ira was right.  Recently another brick has been added to the foundation of his concern about sugar substitutes. Researchers have found that sweeteners such as saccharine, sucralose, aspartame can alter the microbial ecosystem of our gut in a way that promotes the development of glucose intolerance.  Glucose intolerance is part of metabolic syndrome, one of the most significant epidemics of our (or any) era.

At least as interesting as this microbial mediation between our diet and our metabolic function is the fact that only those human subjects who were responders exhibited the changes observed.  This underscores our emerging view about the individualized nature of human nutrition and metabolism.



What can we use from this in teaching undergraduate A&P?



  • We have yet another example to share regarding why and how the human microbial system plays such a vital role in our body.

  • This may be an interesting story to bring up when discussing immunity in our A&P course, perhaps giving a preview of later topics on the gut microbiome and nutrition/metabolism.

  • Nutrition and metabolism are not the same for everyone.  So the basic principles learned in an A&P course are likely to be generally true for humans, but not necessarily entirely true for every individual.

  • Yet another example of the principle "you are what you eat."

  • And here's another case of continued scientific research refining the story of what we know about human structure and function.  Consider mentioning it when you are explaining scientific methodology and it's relevance to A&P at the start of your course.  An interesting discussion may ensue after asking, "does this mean we should stop using sugar substitutes?"



Want to know more?



Artificial Sweeteners Linked to Glucose Intolerance

  • Beth Skwarecki. Medscape Medical News. September 17, 2014
  • Article summarizing the recent research.
  • my-ap.us/1pkI645


Sugar Substitutes, Gut Bacteria, and Glucose Intolerance

  • Anna Azvolinsky. TheScientist. September 17, 2014
  • Another plain-English article covering how the consumption of artificial sweeteners results in glucose intolerance is mediated by changes in the gut microbiota in both mice and humans.
  • my-ap.us/1qOBVvw


Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota


  • Jotham Suez, et al. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature13793 September 17, 2014
  • Research article outlining the discovery of the sweetener-gut-glucose intolerance  link. Includes numerous illustrations.
  • my-ap.us/1uLs0Hc


Metabolic Syndrome 

  • S Wang, et al. Medscape. Updated 23 April 2014
  • Detailed Medscap entry summarizing various aspects of metabolic syndrome.
  • my-ap.us/1uLrNUE


Diet Sodas, as Well as Regular Ones, Raise Diabetes Risk

  • Miriam E. Tucker. Medscape Medical News. February 14, 2013
  • Article summarizing research showing that women who drink large amounts of diet soda are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • my-ap.us/1uLrY20


Consumption of artificially and sugar-sweetened beverages and incident type 2 diabetes in the Etude Epidémiologique auprès des femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale–European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort

  • Guy Fagherazzi, et al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. January 30, 2013. 
  • Original research article about the diet soda-diabetes link.
  • my-ap.us/1BQOTLP


Photo: S. Snodgrass

Tuesday, June 7, 2022

Why Anatomy & Physiology Students Need Sectional Anatomy | TAPP 116


Host Kevin Patton talks about why our anatomy & physiology students need to experience and get comfortable with sectional anatomy, Terry Thompson shares some thoughts on deadline terminology—and she gives us a thoughtful book review and recommendation for The A&P Professor Book Club—and we review a few slide tricks.

0:00:00 | Introduction

0:00:50 | Expiration Dates

0:05:02 | Sponsored by AAA

0:06:19 | Slide Tricks (Again)

0:25:15 | Sponsored by HAPI

0:26:28 | Book Club: I Contain Multitudes

0:33:13 | Sponsored by HAPS

0:34:19 | Sectional Anatomy

0:53:45 | Finding Media

0:55:19 | More Sectional Anatomy

1:07:12 | Staying Connected

 


★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-116.html

🏅 Apply for your credential (badge/certificate) for listening to this episode: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-116.html/#badge

❓ Please take the anonymous survey: theAPprofessor.org/survey

☝️ Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336)

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📰 Get the thrice-weekly TAPP Science & Education Updates theAPprofessor.org/updates


Do I contradict myself?
Very well then I contradict myself,
(I am large, I contain multitudes.)

(Walt Whitman)

 

Expiration Dates

4 minutes

Terry Thompson shares her alternate terminology for assignment and test deadlines: expiration dates. She explains the thinking behind her choice and how that may help clarify the situation for students.

Should We Extend Deadlines? | Models & Color Codes | TAPP 112 (the espisode that started this discussion)

Skin's Microbiome & Other Stories | TAPP 114 (the deadline  discussion continues)

Are You a Warm Demander? | TAPP 115 (even more about deadlines)

Cover for: Why Anatomy & Physiology Students Need Sectional Anatomy | TAPP 116

 

Sponsored by AAA

1 minute

A searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) at anatomy.org.

Searchable transcript

Captioned audiogram 

Don't forget—HAPS members get a deep discount on AAA membership!

AAA logo

 

Slide Tricks (Again)

19 minutes

The spring-summer academic conferences are underway and Kevin is reminded of how we can make our teaching and presentation slides a lot more effective. And he shares a method for virtual conference participants to put slides into their digital notebook or other document.

★ Previous episodes covering slide techniques and tips

★ ★ Slides Serve the Story of Anatomy & Physiology | Episode 66

★ ★ Teaching Slides: Smooth and Simple Animations Dramatize the Story of A&P | TAPP 89

★ ★ More Slide Tricks | Effective Teaching Presentations | TAPP 95

★ ★ Even More Slide Tricks | Ultimate Teaching Presentations | TAPP 96

★ Some useful books

★ ★ Designing Science Presentations (book by Matt Carter with a lot of useful tips for slide design & content) geni.us/k2pLt8

★ ★ Presentation Zen (book by Garr Reynolds emphasizes simplicity of slide design) geni.us/ZL0QT

★ Tools mentioned in this segment

★ ★ Snagit & Camtasia screen-capture tools: techsmith.pxf.io/9MkPW (we may earn a commission when you purchase through this link)

★ ★ OneNote digital notebook: onenote.com

★ ★ Evernote digital notebook: evernote.com

 

Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program

1 minute

The Master of Science in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction—the MS-HAPI—is a graduate program for A&P teachers, especially for those who already have a graduate/professional degree. A combination of science courses (enough to qualify you to teach at the college level) and courses in contemporary instructional practice, this program helps you be your best in both on-campus and remote teaching. Kevin Patton is a faculty member in this program at Northeast College of Health Sciences. Check it out!

northeastcollege.edu/hapi

Logo of Northeast College of Health Sciences, Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction

 

Book Club: I Contain Multitudes

6.5 minutes

Terry Thompson shares her review of a new recommendation for The A&P Professor Book Club from the perspective A&P faculty. It's all about the human microbiome. I need to read this book!

I Contain Multitudes: The Microbes Within Us and a Grander View of Life

geni.us/tC857Z

★ Author: Ed Yong

★ Earn a digital credential for reading this book!

Book Club for Anatomy & Physiology Professors

 

Sponsored by HAPS

1 minute

The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast.  You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. Watch for virtual town hall meetings and upcoming regional meetings!

Anatomy & Physiology Society

theAPprofessor.org/haps

HAPS logo

 

Sectional Anatomy

19 minutes

Interleaving sectional anatomy reviews, applications, and activities throughout the A&P course helps nudge students to a higher level of cognition. At least Kevin thinks so. Here are some thoughts on helping students build their conceptual framework of human anatomy and make the kinds of connections we want them to make. Who knows, one of them may be reading our brain scan some day!

★ Many People Have a Vivid ‘Mind’s Eye,’ While Others Have None at All (New York Times article discusses that scientists are finding new ways to probe two not-so-rare conditions to better understand the links between vision, perception and memory) AandP.info/7fc

 

Finding Media

1.5 minutes

Okay, you want to supplement your A&P course with sectional anatomy examples and applications. Where do we find the media to do that? Here are some ideas.

Finding Media | Images and More for Teaching Anatomy & Physiology (a curated list of hyperlinked sources)

★ ★ Suggest additional sources! Suggest a Media Source for Teaching A&P

★ American Association for Anatomy's media sources AandP.info/hzt

Stress & Community | Acronyms | Media Tips | TAPP 77

Using Media in Our A&P Course: Advice From Barbara Waxer | Episode 28

 

More Sectional Anatomy

12 minutes

How about a few practical tips on how to implement a course-long program of interleaving sectional anatomy?

★ National Center for Case Study Teaching (NCCST) in Science (a curated case collection now housed at NSTA) AandP.info/jsz

★ Life Science Teaching Resource Community (LifeSciTRC has many case studies) AandP.info/lifescitrc-org-cd951e

★ HHMI BioInteractive (has case studies that involve sectional anatomy and other activities) AandP.info/foq

★ Using Medical Images to Teach Human Anatomy (excerpts from my 1996 presentation outlining an activity using Gel Mold People to explore sectional anatomy and medical scanning images)

★ ★ Available only as a PDF download in the TAPPapp, the free app for this podcast

★ ★ Search "The A&P Professor" in your app store OR...

★ ★ Go to TAPP app | Listen to The A&P Professor Podcast

 


 

If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page.

★ More details at the episode page: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-116.html

★ Transcript available in the transcript box: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-XX.html

★ Need help accessing resources locked behind a paywall? Check out this advice from Episode 32 to get what you need! my-ap.us/paywall

Take The A&P Professor experience to the next level!

theAPprofessor.org/community

Earn cash by referring other A&P faculty to this podcast:

theAPprofessor.org/refer

Tools & Resources

★ TAPP Science & Education Updates: theAPprofessor.org/updates

★ Amazon: amzn.to/2r6Qa3J

★ Text Expander: theapprofessor.org/textexpander

★ Rev.com: try.rev.com/Cw2nZ

★ Snagit & Camtasia: techsmith.pxf.io/9MkPW

★ Krisp Free Noise-Cancelling App: theAPprofessor.org/krisp

★ JotForm (build forms for free): theAPprofessor.org/jotform

★ The A&P Professor Logo Items: https://www.teepublic.com/stores/the-a-p-professor

Sponsors

★ Transcript and captions for this episode are supported by the American Association for Anatomy | anatomy.org

★ The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society provides marketing support for this podcast | theAPprofessor.org/haps

★ Distribution of this episode is supported by the Northeast College of Health Sciences online graduate program in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction (HAPI) | northeast.edu/hapi

Clicking on sponsor links helps let them know you appreciate their support of this podcast!

Follow The A&P Professor on  Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram @theAPprofessor

The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. I may be compensated for links to sponsors and certain other links.


Click here to listen to this episode—or access the detailed notes and transcript.

Wednesday, October 8, 2014

Nobel Prize 2014: Super-resolved fluorescence microscopy


The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2014 to

Eric Betzig
Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA,

Stefan W. Hell
Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany

and

William E. Moerner
Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

“for the development of
super-resolved fluorescence microscopy”


Surpassing the limitations of the light microscope


For a long time optical microscopy was held back by a presumed limitation: that it would never obtain a better resolution than half the wavelength of light. Helped by fluorescent molecules the Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 2014 ingeniously circumvented this limitation. Their ground-breaking work has brought optical microscopy into the nanodimension.

In what has become known as nanoscopy, scientists visualize the pathways of individual molecules inside living cells. They can see how molecules create synapses between nerve cells in the brain; they can track proteins involved in Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases as they aggregate; they follow individual proteins in fertilized eggs as these divide into embryos.

It was all but obvious that scientists should ever be able to study living cells in the tiniest molecular detail. In 1873, the microscopist Ernst Abbe stipulated a physical limit for the maximum resolution of traditional optical microscopy: it could never become better than 0.2 micrometres. Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell and William E. Moerner are awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014 for having bypassed this limit. Due to their achievements the optical microscope can now peer into the nanoworld.

Two separate principles are rewarded. 


One enables the method stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, developed by Stefan Hell in 2000. Two laser beams are utilized; one stimulates fluorescent molecules to glow, another cancels out all fluorescence except for that in a nanometre-sized volume. Scanning over the sample, nanometre for nanometre, yields an image with a resolution better than Abbe’s stipulated limit.

Eric Betzig and William Moerner, working separately, laid the foundation for the second method, single-molecule microscopy. The method relies upon the possibility to turn the fluorescence of individual molecules on and off. Scientists image the same area multiple times, letting just a few interspersed molecules glow each time. Superimposing these images yields a dense super-image resolved at the nanolevel. In 2006 Eric Betzig utilized this method for the first time.

Today, nanoscopy is used world-wide and new knowledge of greatest benefit to mankind is produced on a daily basis.


This video is a brief animation of how STED works and how it improves resolution of individual particles.



This video is a longer, more detailed presentation by one of the Nobel laureates (Hell).



What can we use from this in teaching undergraduate A&P?

  • Discuss how this technology has enabled us to better visualize the chemicals and structures within our cells, enabling scientists to better understand the structure and function of cell, organelles, microbiome constituents, and other structures of the human body.

  • If you do a brief run-through of the theory of microscopy—perhaps in your A&P lab—you can add a mention of this technology.  

  • Your textbook or other learning resource may already have an example of this type of microscopy.

  • A discussion of this  Nobel Prize could evolve into a meaningful example of how science works, including how incremental improvements in classical tools for observation expand the number of questions that can be answered.

  • Use the links below (and images above) to use for a handout and/or teaching slides.


Want to know more?


Resources from Nobelprize.org

  • Popular Information 
  • Scientific Background
    • Handout: More detailed information includes references to original research articles
    • my-ap.us/ZdLJ69
  • Advanced Information
  • Images
  • Biographies
    • Eric Betzig, 
      • U.S. citizen. Born 1960 in Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Ph.D. 1988 from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. Group Leader at Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
      • http://janelia.org/lab/betzig-lab
    • Stefan W. Hell, German citizen. 
      • Born 1962 in Arad, Romania. Ph.D. 1990 from the University of Heidelberg, Germany. Director at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, and Division head at the German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
      • http://www3.mpibpc.mpg.de/groups/hell
    • William E. Moerner, U.S. citizen. 
      • Born 1953 in Pleasanton, CA, USA. Ph.D. 1982 from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. Harry S. Mosher Professor in Chemistry and Professor, by courtesy, of Applied Physics at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
      • http://web.stanford.edu/group/moerner


Diagrram cretit: Ganbaatar
Micrograph credit: Tesselkaffee
Text adapted from press release from Nobel Media

Sunday, April 3, 2011

Plaque-fighting bacteria

Have you noticed that the microbiome of the human body has taken off as one of the hottest areas?  Each month, new concepts of how our microbial partners keeps us healthy are revealed.  Last week, we were discussing teeth in my A&P 2 course and I wish I'd had this new tidbit to share with my students:

Researchers recently found that Streptococcus salivarius, one of the microbes in our mouth, can help fight the buildup of plaque on our teeth.  It does so by producing the enzyme FruA, which breaks down carbohydrates in our mouth more efficiently than can the bacteria that form plaque biofilms.  Thus, the plaque-forming bacteria are robbed of their nutrients.

I'll bet S. salivarius will become popular as an oral probiotic.  And its discovery may help us find better ways to manage our mouth's ecosystem to promote good health.

Want to know more?

Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus salivarius FruA 
A. Ogawa, et al.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 77, March 2011, p. 1572 doi:10.1128/AEM.02066-10, published online January 14, 2011
[Original research article]
http://my-ap.us/h7RuaA

Bacterial fight dental plaque
Tina Hesman Saey
Science News Published online April 1, 2011
[Brief summary of the discovery]
http://my-ap.us/hsj1nb
Click the image above to access a FREE animation of tooth decay you can use in your course as you explain the process.

Tuesday, May 17, 2022

Are You a Warm Demander? | TAPP 115


We once again revisit deadline extensions, we discuss warm demanders and how they avoid toxic rigor, we discover which arm is best for a vaccine booster, we find out if we can grow new auditory hair cells, we get tips on how to speak more effectively while wearing a mask, and learn about a new discovery about oxygen absorption in the intestines.  Can we breathe through our anus? Listen to find out!

00:00 | Introduction

01:02 | Growing New Auditory Hair Cells

06:19 | Mask Talk: Loud, Slow, & Clear

11:17 | Sponsored by AAA

12:21 | Which Arm for That Booster?

15:32 | Intestinal Breathing

19:40 | Sponsored by HAPI

21:03 | Deadlines, Death, and Due Dates

34:31 | Sponsored by HAPS

35:39 | Are You a Warm Demander?

50:08 | Staying Connected

 


★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-115.html

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[Warm demanders] expect a great deal of their students, convince them of their own brilliance, and help them to reach their potential in a disciplined and structured environment. (Lisa Delpit)

 

Growing New Auditory Hair Cells

5.5 minutes

An optimistic headline suggesting that we can now cure neural hearing loss turns out to be less than Kevin expected. But still pretty cool. We are poised for a cure!

★ New tool to create hearing cells lost in aging (press release with subtitle, "'We have overcome a major hurdle' to restore hearing") AandP.info/v8i

★ Tbx2 is a master regulator of inner versus outer hair cell differentiation (research article in Nature) AandP.info/md7

Episode cover forAre You a Warm Demander? | TAPP 115

 

Mask Talk: Loud, Slow, & Clear

5 minutes

As the academic conference season gets into full swing, we may find ourselves trying to communicate while wearing masks. I hope everyone will be wearing masks—except in online conferences.  Kevin's experience in trying to hear conversations while hearing-impaired provides a few tips on effective communications while masked.

★ Let's Talk (Kevin's column in The Academic Author about tips on communicating while wearing a mask; Issue 2022:1) AandP.info/b1c

 

Sponsored by AAA

61 seconds

A searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) at anatomy.org.

Searchable transcript

Captioned audiogram 

Don't forget—HAPS members get a deep discount on AAA membership!

AAA logo

 

Which Arm for That Booster?

3 minutes

Which arm is best to get that vaccination booster? New evidence suggests that it's the same arm where you received your primary vaccination. Listen and find out the logic behind this strategy!

★ Recall of B cell memory depends on relative locations of prime and boost immunization (research article in Science Immunology) AandP.info/mf6

Revisiting A&P Learning Outcomes | Episode 54 (includes segment on recent research on the best time of day to get vaccinated)

 

Intestinal Breathing

4 minutes

Apparently mammals can absorb oxygen through the intestinal lining.  At least that's what recent research shows. This could be a breakthrough for oxygenating blood in patients that cannot be artificially ventilated in other ways. But it's just kinda weird, isn't it?

★ Mammals can breathe through their intestines (news article in Science) AandP.info/ruv

★ Mammalian enteral ventilation ameliorates respiratory failure (research report in Med) AandP.info/7pq

★ "Blowing Smoke Up Your @$$" Used to Be Literal (you're probably better off not reading this because you might feel the urge to tell this story in your class) AandP.info/oo2

 

Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program

79 seconds

The Master of Science in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction—the MS-HAPI—is a graduate program for A&P teachers, especially for those who already have a graduate/professional degree. A combination of science courses (enough to qualify you to teach at the college level) and courses in contemporary instructional practice, this program helps you be your best in both on-campus and remote teaching. Kevin Patton is a faculty member in this program at Northeast College of Health Sciences. Check it out!

northeastcollege.edu/hapi

Logo of Northeast College of Health Sciences, Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction

 

Deadlines, Death, and Due Dates

13.5 minutes

Jerry Anzalone calls in with some thoughts on our previous discussion of extending student deadlines. And he even provides a Word Dissection of the term deadline, which turns out to be deadlier than we thought! Jerry suggests an alternative term (and why we may want one) and Kevin shares another alternative used by his friend Wendy Riggs. 

 

Should We Extend Deadlines? | Models & Color Codes | TAPP 112 (episode where I start this conversation)

Skin's Microbiome & Other Stories | TAPP 114 (episode where Heather Armbruster shares some stories about deadline extensions)

★ Your 'Deadline' Won't Kill You (article from Merriam-Webster about the origins of the term deadline quoted by Jerry Anzalone in his Word Dissection) AandP.info/ank

★ Creating Community in Online STEM Classes (online presentation by Wendy Riggs; one of her many "must see" presentations) AandP.info/cjm

★ Why deadlines are important (you can link to this blog post in The A&P Student for your own students) AandP.info/why-deadlines-c16997

★ Free Parking (I dug up this old 2005 version of my Free Parking handout and it's now available as a bonus PDF on the TAPPapp (The A&P Professor listening app) theAPprofessor.org/tappapp or search in your device's app store [free]

 

Sponsored by HAPS

64 seconds

The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast.  You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. Watch for virtual town hall meetings and upcoming regional meetings!

Anatomy & Physiology Society

theAPprofessor.org/haps

HAPS logo

 

Are You a Warm Demander?

14.5 minutes

Kevin shares a term new to him (but not to others)—warm demander. What is a warm demander? Is it something to avoid or aspire to? How does the term compare to toxic rigor?

★ Becoming a Warm Demander (article from ACSD summarizes some important points) AandP.info/b1j

★ The Teacher as Warm Demander (another good article from ACSD) AandP.info/iql

★ "Multiplication Is for White People": Raising Expectations for Other People’'s Children (book by Lisa Delpit) geni.us/IvXM0C

★ Humanizing Online STEM (home page of the program Kevin describes in this segment: "Instructor-student relationships are the connective tissue between students, engagement, and learning… face-to-face and online") AandP.info/ue4

 


 

If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page.

★ More details at the episode page: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-115.html

★ Transcript available in the transcript box: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-115.html

★ Need help accessing resources locked behind a paywall? Check out this advice from Episode 32 to get what you need! my-ap.us/paywall

Take The A&P Professor experience to the next level!

theAPprofessor.org/community

Earn cash by referring other A&P faculty to this podcast:

theAPprofessor.org/refer

Tools & Resources

★ TAPP Science & Education Updates: theAPprofessor.org/updates

★ Amazon: amzn.to/2r6Qa3J

★ Text Expander: theapprofessor.org/textexpander

★ Rev.com: try.rev.com/Cw2nZ

★ Snagit & Camtasia: techsmith.pxf.io/9MkPW

★ Krisp Free Noise-Cancelling App: theAPprofessor.org/krisp

★ JotForm (build forms for free): theAPprofessor.org/jotform

★ The A&P Professor Logo Items: https://www.teepublic.com/stores/the-a-p-professor

Sponsors

★ Transcript and captions for this episode are supported by the American Association for Anatomy | anatomy.org

★ The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society provides marketing support for this podcast | theAPprofessor.org/haps

★ Distribution of this episode is supported by the Northeast College of Health Sciences online graduate program in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction (HAPI) | northeast.edu/hapi

Clicking on sponsor links helps let them know you appreciate their support of this podcast!

Follow The A&P Professor on  Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram @theAPprofessor

The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. I may be compensated for links to sponsors and certain other links.


Click here to listen to this episode—or access the detailed notes and transcript.